Priority Fees und Compute Budget

import { ComputeBudgetProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";

const tx = new Transaction()
  .add(ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ units: 250_000 }))
  .add(ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({ microLamports: 50_000 }))
  .add(yourRaydiumSwapIx);

wrap_sol (create_ata + system transfer + sync_native)   ≈ 30.000
CPMM swap_base_input (SPL)                              ≈ 140.000
close_account (unwrap)                                  ≈ 5.000
ComputeBudget Instructions                              ≈ 10.000
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Gesamt                                                  ≈ 185.000 → Budget 250.000

// Helius
const response = await fetch(`https://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=${apiKey}`, {
  method: "POST",
  body: JSON.stringify({
    jsonrpc: "2.0",
    id:      "fee-estimate",
    method:  "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
    params: [{
      accountKeys: [poolStatePubkey.toBase58()],
      options:     { priorityLevel: "High" },
    }],
  }),
});
const { result } = await response.json();
const microLamports = result.priorityFeeEstimate;

const fees = await connection.getRecentPrioritizationFees({
  lockedWritableAccounts: [poolStatePubkey],
});

// fees: Array<{ slot, prioritizationFee }>
// Letzte N Slots; standardmäßig ~150 Slots.

const median = percentile(fees.map(f => f.prioritizationFee), 0.5);

Pro-Pool-Ziel: 80% Landungsrate bei <30s
Wenn current_land_rate < 80%: priorityFee += 10%
Wenn current_land_rate > 95%: priorityFee -= 5%

solana confirm <tx-sig> -v
# Suchen Sie nach "consumed N of M compute units" und welche Instruction Erschöpfung verursacht hat.

async function submitWithRetry(buildTx, maxAttempts = 5) {
  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt++) {
    const tx = await buildTx({
      priorityFee: basePriorityFee * Math.pow(1.5, attempt),
      blockhash:   (await connection.getLatestBlockhash()).blockhash,
    });

    try {
      const sig = await connection.sendRawTransaction(tx.serialize(), {
        skipPreflight: attempt > 0,  // skip after first try to save latency
      });

      const result = await connection.confirmTransaction(sig, "confirmed");
      if (result.value.err) {
        // Logic error; don't retry.
        throw result.value.err;
      }
      return sig;

    } catch (e) {
      if (isExpiredError(e)) continue;  // retry
      if (isRevertError(e)) throw e;    // don't retry; deterministic failure
      throw e;
    }
  }
  throw new Error("submit: exhausted retries");
}

Durchschnittliche CU pro Transaktion:          ~250.000
50. Perzentil-Gebühr:        ~20.000 Mikro-Lamports/CU
Kosten pro Transaktion:                250_000 × 20_000 × 1e-6 = 5.000 Lamports = 5e-6 SOL
Tägliche Kosten (1000 Transaktionen):       5e-3 SOL ≈ 1 USD @ 200 USD SOL
Monatliche Kosten:               ~30 USD